What Is A Lithium Battery Intended For Operation In Low Temperatures?

A low-temperature lithium battery, a variant of lithium metal battery, operates effectively within the temperature range of -20°C to 60°C. Despite lower efficiency during charging and discharging, it offers advantages such as compact size, high specific energy, robust cycle performance, and affordability.

These batteries are crafted using specialized materials and processes, tailored for sub-zero environments where they exhibit superior discharge capacity and performance. They are engineered to maintain over 80% discharge capacity at temperatures as low as -40°C, with some capable of functioning down to -50°C.

Enhanced with VGCF and activated carbon additives, alongside specific electrolytes, low-temperature lithium batteries ensure reliable discharge capabilities under extreme cold conditions. They maintain a volume change rate ≤ 0.5% even at high temperatures of 70°C for 24 hours, while maintaining the safety and storage characteristics typical of conventional lithium batteries.

Low-temperature lithium batteries are categorized into three series based on their operational environments: civilian, special, and extreme environment batteries. Civilian versions retain more than 90% of rated capacity at -20°C and more than 85% at -30°C under 0.2C discharge rates. Special batteries sustain over 80% capacity at -40°C, while those for extreme environments maintain at least 50% capacity at -50°C.

These batteries find widespread applications due to their lightweight design, high energy density, and extended lifespan, making them ideal for use in cold climates. They are employed in emergency and disaster relief power supplies, as well as for powering lights in cold weather clothing and footwear.