The lifespan of lithium batteries. How many years can lithium batteries generally last?

"Lithium batteries" are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The lithium metal battery was first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, M.S. Whittingham proposed and began to study lithium-ion batteries. Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage, and use of lithium metal require extremely strict environmental conditions. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been widely used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have now become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two types: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation product of rechargeable batteries, lithium metal batteries, was born in 1996. They outperform lithium-ion batteries in terms of safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate, and performance-price ratio. Due to the high technical requirements of this technology, only a few companies in a few countries are currently producing this type of lithium metal batteries.

Battery life

Can lithium-ion batteries only be charged and discharged 500 times?

Most consumers have heard that the lifespan of lithium batteries is "500 times". After 500 charge and discharge cycles, the battery will "die". Many friends try to extend the battery's lifespan by only charging the battery when it is completely drained. Does this really extend the battery's lifespan? The answer is no. The "500 times" for lithium batteries refers to the number of charge and discharge cycles, not the number of charges.

A charging cycle refers to the process where all the battery's charge goes from full to empty, and then from empty to full again. This is not the same as charging the battery once. For example, a lithium battery used only half of its capacity on the first day, and then it was fully charged. If it was used again the next day, using half of the capacity and then charging it, after two such charging cycles, this can only be considered as one charging cycle, not two. Therefore, it usually takes several charging sessions to complete one cycle. With each charging cycle completed, the battery capacity decreases slightly. However, this reduction in capacity is very small. High-quality batteries, after undergoing multiple cycles of charging, still retain 80% of their original capacity. Many lithium battery-powered products can still be used normally after two or three years. Of course, when the lithium battery reaches its ultimate lifespan, it still needs to be replaced.

The term "500 times" refers to the fact that the manufacturer achieved approximately 625 charge cycles (at a constant discharge depth of, say, 80%) and reached a total of 500 charging cycles.

(80% * 625 = 500) (Ignoring factors such as the reduction in lithium battery capacity)

However, due to various influences in real life, especially the varying discharge depth during charging, the "500 charging cycles" can only be regarded as a reference for battery lifespan.

Source: LARGE 2018-05-08 Clicks: 311 times

In 1746, Maesenbroek from Leiden University in the Netherlands invented the "Leiden jar" for collecting electricity. Because he noticed that the electricity that had been collected was easily disappearing in the air, he wanted to find a way to preserve the electricity. One day, he suspended a gun barrel in the air, connected it to an electric generator, and then used a copper wire to lead it out from the gun barrel and into a glass bottle filled with water. He had an assistant hold the glass bottle, while Maesenbroek shook the generator vigorously. At this moment, the assistant accidentally touched the other hand of the gun barrel. He suddenly felt a strong electric shock and shouted. So Maesenbroek exchanged positions with the assistant, having the assistant shake the generator, while he held the water bottle with one hand and touched the gun barrel with the other hand.

In 1780, the Italian anatomist Luigi Galvani was conducting an autopsy on a frog when he held two different metal instruments in his hands and accidentally touched the frog's thigh simultaneously. The frog's leg muscles immediately twitched, as if stimulated by an electric current. However, if only one metal instrument was used to touch the frog, there was no such reaction. Galvani believed that this phenomenon occurred because an electric charge was generated inside the animal's body. He called it "biological electricity".

Galvani's discovery aroused great interest among physicists. They competed to repeat Galvani's experiments, attempting to find a way to generate electricity. After conducting numerous experiments, the Italian physicist Volta concluded that Galvani's theory of "biological electricity" was incorrect. The reason why the frog's muscles could generate electricity was probably due to a certain liquid in the muscles. To support his viewpoint, Volta immersed two different metal plates in various solutions for experiments. The result showed that as long as one of the metal plates reacted chemically with the solution, an electric current could be generated between the plates.

In 1799, the Italian physicist Volta immersed a zinc plate and a tin plate in salt water and discovered that there was an electric current flowing through the connecting wire between the two metals. So, he placed many zinc sheets and silver sheets on top of each other, with salt water-soaked cloth or paper pads in between, and stacked them flatly. When touching the two ends with his hand, he felt a strong electric current stimulation. Volta successfully made the world's first battery - the "Voltaic pile" using this method. This "Voltaic pile" was actually a series of battery cells. It became the power source for early electrical experiments and telegraph machines.

In 1836, Daniel of Britain improved the "voltic pile". He used dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, solving the problem of battery polarization and creating the first non-polarized zinc-copper battery that could maintain a balanced current. Subsequently, all these batteries suffered from the problem that their voltage decreased as the usage time extended.

When the voltage of a battery drops after being used for some time, a reverse current can be applied to it to restore the voltage. Because this type of battery can be charged and reused repeatedly, it is called a "battery".

Also in 1860, Frenchman George Leclanche invented the predecessor of the widely used battery in the world (the carbon-zinc battery). Its negative electrode was an alloy rod of zinc and mercury (the negative electrode of the zinc-volt prototype battery, which was proven to be one of the best metals for making negative electrodes), while its positive electrode was a multi-porous cup containing a mixture of crushed manganese dioxide and carbon. A carbon rod was inserted into this mixture as an electrical current collector. The negative electrode rod and the positive electrode cup were both immersed in the ammonium chloride solution as the electrolyte. This system was called a "wet battery". Although the battery made by Leclanche was simple but cheap, it was not replaced by the improved "dry battery" until 1880. The negative electrode was improved to a zinc can (i.e., the shell of the battery), and the electrolyte changed from a liquid to a paste, basically this is the carbon-zinc battery that we are familiar with now.

In 1887, the British inventor Hulsen invented the earliest dry battery. The electrolyte of the dry battery was in a paste form, which did not leak and was easy to carry, thus achieving wide application.

In 1890, Thomas Edison invented the rechargeable iron-nickel battery.

A battery (Battery) refers to a cup, trough or other container or a composite container with electrolyte solution and metal electrodes that generate an electric current. It is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It has a positive electrode and a negative electrode. With the advancement of technology, a battery generally refers to a small device that can generate electrical energy. For example, solar cells. The performance parameters of a battery mainly include electromotive force, capacity, specific energy and resistance. Using a battery as an energy source can obtain a current with a stable voltage, stable current, long-term stable power supply, and is very little affected by external factors. Moreover, the battery structure is simple, easy to carry, the charging and discharging operation is simple and easy to perform, and is not affected by external climate and temperature. Its performance is stable and reliable, and plays a significant role in various aspects of modern life.

The lifespan of lithium batteries is usually only two to three years.

Lithium batteries can generally be charged and discharged 300 to 500 times. It is best to partially discharge the batteries rather than completely discharge them, and try to avoid frequent complete discharges. Once the batteries leave the production line, the clock starts ticking. Whether or not they are used, the lifespan of lithium batteries is only two to three years.

"Lithium batteries" are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The lithium metal battery was first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, M.S. Whittingham proposed and began to study lithium-ion batteries. Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage, and use of lithium metal require extremely strict environmental conditions. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been widely used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have now become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two types: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation product of rechargeable batteries, lithium metal batteries, was born in 1996. They outperform lithium-ion batteries in terms of safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate, and performance-price ratio. Due to the high technical requirements of this technology, only a few companies in a few countries are currently producing this type of lithium metal batteries.

The shelf life refers to the period from when a product is manufactured until its quality begins to deteriorate. It is possible that the quality of some products remains normal after this period. Therefore, it is uncertain. Buyers are passive during this period.

2. Validity period refers to a certain period of time during which certain items (events) can be used or performed, with a clear time limit. The user has the initiative within the validity period.

3. Batteries usually have a printed expiration date instead of the date of manufacture. One should calculate the approximate manufacturing time based on the expiration date. For example, "02-01" indicates an expiration period of 2001 February. Generally:

The shelf life of alkaline batteries is three years.

(2) The shelf life of P-type batteries is 2 years.

(3) The shelf life of ordinary batteries is one year.

(4) The shelf life of the products printed by foreign brands is generally 1-2 years longer than that of domestic brands. Therefore, the above-mentioned different types of batteries should be included.